Chinese historical ceramic firing

Early as a thousand years before the European master porcelain technology, China has been able to create a very fine porcelain. From the history of the development of China's ceramic term "ceramic" split in two for pottery and porcelain two categories. The development of traditional Chinese ceramics, experienced a fairly long historical period, the types of complex special process, so in addition to hard targets to consider the technical classification of Chinese traditional ceramic, also need comprehensive consideration has always been the traditional habit classification method, combined with changes in the understanding of ancient and modern science and technology, in order to more effectively draw the categorized conclusion.

From the the legendary Huangdi Yao Shun and up to the Xia Dynasty (about 21th century BC - BC 16th century), painted pottery to mark its development. Typical Yangshao and a slightly later found in Gansu Majiayao and your family culture, etc., after the liberation of in Xi'an Banpo prehistoric sites unearthed a large number of exquisitely painted pottery, it is amazing. According to legend, Yao Chuan world Shun Shun the earth Xiayu Yu then passed to his son, began the so-called "home world". The summer spread Jie, tyranny is no way, Shang Dynasty to then proclaimed himself emperor, so a crusade to gain power, from soup to start. The supplier was the world rule of 600 years (about 16th century BC - 11th century BC, before and after), until King Zhou. After the conquest of King Wu, King Zhou commit suicide, so the world is attributed to the week. Zhou dynasty during the reign of roughly the 11th century BC to 221 BC, in fact, the effective rule had ended in 771 BC. Known as the Warring States period, 475 BC - 221 BC to 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty, the rise of the great unification of China began Qin Dynasty lasted only to the public 206 years before the Han Dynasty was replaced. Thousands of hundreds of years, in addition to the daily food and beverage containers, the material used in sacrificial rituals greatly developed.

Creative material for artists and artisans from the Han Dynasty between 206 BC to 220 AD, is no longer in jade and metal, pottery have been more precise attention. During this period, the firing skills develop more kin consistent glazed pottery generally, the word "porcelain" began to appear in Chinese characters. At the same time, the trade routes through Xinjiang, Persia, Syria, China and the Roman Empire began to date, prompting the exchange of cultural exchanges between the East and the West, can also be seen from this period of ceramic artifacts outside influences clues. Buddhism into China to at this time.



The Six Dynasties (AD 220 - 581), the rapid rise of the Buddhist art of ceramics also had a corresponding impact on this quarter sculptures leaving obvious traces. In 581 AD, the Sui Dynasty to win the power to the end of the long north-south split situation, but only to rule 618 Don replaced.

Tang Dynasty (AD 618 to AD 970) was considered a great period in the history of Chinese art. The huge ceramic technology improvements, many varieties of fine china large numbers, that is, to use today's technology Kam measurement standards to measure, they also regarded real quality porcelain. The late Tang chaos, the hero actually since the ensuing is a dynasty contention situation, namely the Five Dynasties, this situation continued until 960 AD. Successive years of the war, but a new ceramic varieties - firewood kiln porcelain texture superior widely spread is extremely rare, but handed down.



Ceramics to the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) has been booming, Europe and Southeast Asia in a lot of output. To Jun, Ru, officer, brother, as the representatives of a number of their special characteristics famous kilns rise throughout the country, products increasingly rich color varieties. Northeast (Liaoning), the Khitan tribe and Jurchen invasion (DRC), the Song rulers were forced across the border, off again after were Mongolian. The Year in 1280, Yuan dynasty establish, Shu Fu kiln appears Jingdezhen became the Chinese ceramic industry center, its notoriety around the world. Jingdezhen produced porcelain with underglaze blue decoration in stark contrast to the blue and white porcelain since kiheung culture in various historical period has been very popular.



Ming Dynasty ruled from 1368 until 1644. During this period, Jingdezhen ceramics industry in the world is absolutely the best, exclusive a prominent place on the level of technology and art to the point, especially blue and white porcelain reached its peak. In addition, Fujian Dehua kiln, Zhejiang Longquan Kiln Cizhou Hebei respective styles of high quality ceramic renowned world. With the last Ming emperor committed suicide in 1644, Li Zicheng led a peasant uprising army invaded Beijing. Entry from the the Sangui Zhao Manchu army to destruction of the 1911 Qing court, Manchu rule vertical two hundred years. Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong three generations considered the whole the most glorious period under the rule of the Qing Dynasty ceramics, much more complex technology products appear unusually rich variety of color glazes and glaze color. To the late Qing Dynasty, the government corruption fading fortunes, the poverty of the people, China's ceramic industry increasingly degraded.



After the founding of the Republic, around the country have set up some ceramic research institutions, except followed the previous generation, but the product is simple to copy the design of some foreign, there is no development to speak of. The beginning of the Republic, the warlord Yuan Shikai attempted restoration of the monarchy, had a special group of "Hongxian" reign inscription porcelain, the porcelain ware is technically nothing less fine pastels, old style. Frequent due to the civil war, foreign invasion, hard times, the entire ceramics industry is also a comprehensive defeat, does not appear until before the founding of New China, the products of the world's attention.